What are the four common routes of pesticide exposure?

• A. Dermal (skin contact), inhalation (breathing), ingestion (swallowing), and ocular/eye exposure.
• B. Dermal, Inhalation, Ingestion, and Dermal again
• C. Only Dermal, Inhalation, and Ingestion
• D. Inhalation, Ingestion, and Dermal

Answer: (A)

Exposure to pesticides typically happens through four routes: dermal contact with skin, inhalation of vapors or aerosols, ingestion by swallowing or hand-to-mouth transfer, and exposure to the eyes. Dermal exposure is common because residues can be left on skin or clothing and be absorbed. Inhalation occurs when pesticides become airborne and are breathed in, delivering the chemical to the lungs and bloodstream quickly. Ingestion can happen if hands or contaminated objects are put in the mouth, or through contaminated food or water. Ocular exposure matters because the eyes are a mucous membrane; splashes, drift, or mist can reach the eyes and the chemical can be absorbed, causing local irritation and potential systemic effects. The option that lists all four routes is the best because it captures every practical way a person can be exposed. The other choices miss one or more routes, such as omitting the eyes, duplicating dermal exposure, or leaving out a route entirely. To reduce risk, use appropriate PPE: gloves and protective clothing for dermal protection, a suitable respirator or ventilation for inhalation, avoid eating or drinking in treated areas and wash hands to prevent ingestion, and wear goggles or a face shield to guard the eyes.